How many dyeing methods are there for textile fabrics? What are the stages of textile dyeing? The dyeing methods of textile fabrics can be divided into dip dyeing (or exhaustion dyeing) and pad dyeing, and other textile dyeing is nothing more than these two kinds. Dyeing can be roughly divided into five stages, namely, loose fiber dyeing, top dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece dyeing dyeing and garment dyeing. Regardless of woven fabric or knitted fabric, piece dyeing accounts for the highest proportion, followed by yarn dyeing, which reflects with other dyeing methods and demonstrates colorful fashion together.

Ⅰ. Dyeing method.

1. dip dyeing. A dyeing method in which textiles are immersed in dyeing solution, and the dyes are dyed on the fibers for a certain period of time and fixed in the fibers.

Features: Suitable for dyeing all kinds of textiles; Intermittent production, low production efficiency; The equipment is relatively simple and easy to operate.

2. pad dyeing. Pad dyeing is that the furniture textiles is dipped in the dye solution for a short time, then rolled with a roller, and the dye solution is squeezed into the tissue gap of the furniture textiles, and the excess dye solution is removed, so that the dye is evenly distributed on the fabric. Dyeing is (or mainly) completed in the following treatment processes such as steaming or baking.

Features: continuous dyeing process, high production efficiency, suitable for dyeing large quantities of textile fabrics, but the dyed objects are under great tension, which is usually used for dyeing woven fabrics, and tow and yarn are sometimes dyed by pad dyeing.

Ⅱ. Five stages of textile dyeing. Textile dyeing can be carried out at any stage, and it can be carried out at different stages such as fiber, yarn, grey cloth and ready-made clothes.

1. Bulk fiber dyeing: The fibers or bulk fibers are dyed before spinning, put into a large dyeing vat and dyed at a proper temperature. Color spinning mostly adopts the method of bulk fiber dyeing (also has the effect of single dyeing of different fibers), which is often used for woolen fabrics.

2. Top dyeing: This also belongs to fiber dyeing before fiber spinning, and the same purpose as bulk fiber dyeing is to obtain soft mixed color effect. Top dyeing is generally used to comb wool yarn and wool fabric.

3. Yarn dyeing: Dye the yarn before weaving, which is generally used for yarn-dyed textile fabrics, sweaters, etc. or directly use the yarn (sewing thread, etc.). Yarn dyeing is the basis of dyeing and weaving.

There are three methods for conventional yarn dyeing:

(1) hank dyeing-soaking loose hank yarn in a special dyeing vat, which is the most expensive dyeing method;

(2) bobbin dyeing: the yarn dyed by bobbin is wound on a perforated bobbin, and then many bobbins are put into the dyeing vat, and the dyeing liquid circulates, so the fluffy effect and softness are not as good as those of hank dyeing.

(3) Warp beam dyeing is a large-scale package dyeing. Before the woven fabric for sofa is manufactured, it should be made into a warp beam (warping), and the yarn of the whole warp beam should be dyed, for example, combining a sizing dyeing machine with beam dyeing. Because it is a warp beam, it is mostly suitable for dyeing woven fabrics. However, with the appearance of warp beam doffing, we can turn the dyed yarn into package yarn, which has a wider application range. For example, the reduction dyeing method used in indigo dyeing can only be well solved by using warp beam dyeing, and it is difficult to achieve without warp beam doffing.

4. piece dyeing: The method of dyeing the woven fabric grey cloth is piece dyeing, and the commonly used methods are rope dyeing, jet dyeing, jig dyeing, pad dyeing (not tie dyeing) and warp beam dyeing. I won't introduce them here.

5. Clothing dyeing: Generally, semi-bleached textile fabrics are first made into garments, and then the garments are put into nylon bags, and a series of bags are put into the dye vat together, and they are continuously stirred in the dye vat (paddle dyeing machine). Garment dyeing is mostly suitable for knitted socks, T-shirts and other knitted garments, sweaters, pants, shirts and other simple garments.

Extended data：

Dyeing fastness is one of the important quality indexes to measure the dyed products. The dyeing fastness that is easy to fade is low, and the dyeing fastness that is not easy to fade is high. The dyeing fastness depends largely on its chemical structure. In addition, the physical state of dye on fiber, dispersion degree, the combination of dye and fiber, dyeing method and process conditions also have great influence.  

Dyeing fastness mainly includes washing fastness, rubbing fastness, sunlight fastness, perspiration fastness, ironing fastness, weather fastness, scrubbing fastness, sublimation fastness fastness, bleaching fastness and alkali fastness. In addition, according to the special purpose of the product, there are fastness to seawater and smoke.